Plant Physiology & Reproduction

Module 15 Kingdom Plantae: Physiology & Reproduction

Interesting Apologia Sites:
stomata
dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis youtube video
Cells Alive interactive website                                  
Starch
Meniscus
Surface tension
cohesion-adhesion theory
Making a seed - neat site.
Fruit Classification

Other Interesting Sites:
sexual reproduction in flowering plants youtube video
Flower reproduction - youtube video

Creation of pollen grain - click on image to enlarge.

Creation of sperm cells in Flowering plants.  The embryo sac contains diploid cells (parent cells) that divide using meiosis (cuts the chromosomes in half) to make 4 new cells (Microspores).  These 4 cells divide using mitosis and each gives rise to 2 new cells (total of 8)  A pair of cells is enclosed in a protective coating and is a 'pollen grain'.

Pollinat
ion is the transfer of pollen (male gamete) to the stigma (part of the female reproductive organ called the carpel. Pollination is carried out by wind, birds, insects.









Summary Module 15 Summary
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Study Guide Module 15 Study Guide

Embryo Sac Formation.  A diploid cell with in the ovule of an ovary divides by meiosis to form
4 haploid cells - 3 polar bodies which die and one megaspore.  The Megaspore  divides by mitosis
without cytokenesis eventually resulting in  8 haploid nuclei in one cell.  This cell divides into 6
small haploid cells and 1 large cell containing 2 haploid nuclei.

Double Fertilization. When a pollen grain lands on the stigma, the tube cell undergoes mitosis to form a tube to the ovule.
The 2 sperm nuclei cells travel along the tube.  One sperm fertilizes one of the small haploid cells to form the zygote
(baby plant) while the second sperm cell fertilizes the large cell with 2 haploid nuclei to form the endosperm.